An overactive bladder (OAB) is characterized by the sudden and frequent urge to urinate. Sometimes, this can cause stomachaches as well. These symptoms make people uncomfortable socially, but this becomes an even bigger problem for those who travel often and have no access to washrooms. The symptoms of OAB can be managed with behavioral strategies and other holistic approaches. However, if those don’t help, one can opt for medical treatments.

Symptoms of OAB

1. Urinary urgency
The main symptom of an overactive bladder is the sudden and strong urge to urinate. This symptom makes it difficult to control the urge, forcing the individual to use the bathroom immediately.

2. Frequent urination
An individual with OAB may feel the need to go to the bathroom several times a day. Going to the bathroom more than eight times a day passes for frequent urination.

3. Urinary inconsistency
Along with the sudden urge to urinate, individuals may also experience unintentional loss of urine. This generally could happen while exercising, laughing, sneezing, or during any physical exertion.

Treatment options of OAB

1. Medications
Medication for OAB can help manage the discomforting symptoms and also reduce the episodes of urge incontinence. The medication typically works by relaxing the bladder muscles, allowing them to function optimally. Before taking any over-the-counter medication, it would be wise to consult a urologist. They would preferably suggest behavioral changes before taking medical assistance. Also, please note that these medications can cause a few side effects like dry eyes, dry mouth, and constipation.

2. Pelvic exercises
The very first step to treating overactive bladder (OAB) is trying pelvic exercises. This helps strengthen the weakened pelvic floor muscles and urinary sphincters, which is the main reason for an overactive bladder. This also helps manage the discomforting symptoms such as urgency, frequency, and nocturia. For maximum results, ensure to practice Kegels regularly for maximum benefits.

3. Biofeedback
This treatment measures how strong an individual’s pelvic floor muscles are. Physical therapists generally use biofeedback tools to measure the strength of the pelvic floor muscles. The treatment helps understand which muscles to engage while performing strength exercises to improve their effectiveness. At-home biofeedback devices are also available to check how their movements are affecting their body.

4. Bladder retraining
This is another practice that can help relieve any unwanted activity in the bladder. Daily practice can help retrain the bladder’s function by delaying the urge to urinate. In the beginning, it’s good to start with short delays of 10 minutes and then increase the time gradually. This practice helps the bladder become used to holding more urine.

5. Dietary changes
An individual with OAB must watch their water intake as drinking water can increase the frequency of urination. Also, when it comes to food and beverages, avoid tea, coffee, alcohol, chocolate, sodas, citrus juices, artificial sweeteners, tomatoes, and acidic ingredients as they can worsen the symptoms.